MACEDONIA IN 1300 - 1750


1345 - In a letter to the Venetian Doge Andrea Dandolo the Serbian emperor Stephan Dushan (1331 - 1355) explains that since he possesses Macedonia he is a ruler of a part of the Bulgarian kingdom [to see a map of Dushan's empire click here].

"By the grace of God Stephan, King of Serbia, Dioclea, Zachulmia, Zeta*, Albania and the Pomorie** and ruler of not a small part of the kingdom of Bulgaria, and Lord of almost all Romania***."

Monumenta Slavorum meridionalium II, Zagrabiae, 1870, p. 278.

* Zachulmia, Dioclea and Zeta - small Serbian principalities on the Adriatic

** Pomorie - the Aegean coast of Macedonia

*** Romania - the European part of Byzantium

1353 - The scribe Stanislav in the Lesnovo monastery puts the name of the Bulgarian tsar in front of that of the tsar of Serbia, although the monastery is in Macedonia, which is possessed by the Serbs*.

"...This book was written in the time of the pious and Christ-loving Bulgarian tsar Ioan Alexander and the pious and holy tsar of the Serbian and Greek land Stefan and the great despot Ioan Oliver**."

Lesnovo Parenesis, the original is in Old Bulgarian.

* This is evidence that although the monastery was in Serbia, the monks felt Bulgarian and acknowledged the Bulgarian king. Moreover, they continued to write in the Bulgarian version of Old Bulgarian, whereas the Serbs wanted to introduce the Serbian version. This case is very similar to the Bologna Psalter (click here).

** Ioan Oliver was a Serbian voivoda (military leader) who later become a despot (big feudal lord) and was given lands in Zletovo in central Macedonia by the Stefan Dushan.

1381 - 1383 - Documents of the notary Manoli Bresciano in the town of Candia on the island of Crete about the sales of slaves.*

Sept. 12, 1381 - "... a slave ... Maria of Bulgarian stock [de genere Bulgarorum], from the locality of Prilep." (#19)

Nov. 4, 1381 - "... Theodora, of Bulgarian stock, from the locality of Kostour..." (#31)

July 5, 1382 - "... a slave named Alexo, of Bulgarian stock, from the locality of Serres..." (#99)

July 8, 1382 - "... a slave named Irina, of Bulgarian stock, from the locality of Kostour..." (#100)

July 12, 1382 - "... a slave named Irina, of Bulgarian stock, from the locality of Devol**..." (#105)

Sept. 18, 1382 - "... a slave named Dimitar, a Bulgarian from the locality of Vodena..." (#125)

Sept. 21, 1382 - "... of Bulgarian stock, from the locality of Veles..." (#126)

Mar. 7, 1383 - "...Mihail, of Bulgarian stock, from the locality of Skopie..." (#184)

Iv. Sakuzov, Newly found documents from the end of the XIVth c. about the Bulgarians from Macedonia sold as slaves, Makedonsky Pregled, 1932, No. 2-3, pp. 1- 62; the original is in Italian.

* The famous slave market in Candia was on the island of Crete, held by the Venetians. Each selling or liberating of a slave had to be confirmed by a notarial deed. The notary asked the slaves questions and according to the answer wrote down his name, nationality and place of birth. All slaves from Macedonia, with the exception of a few Greeks and Wallachians have been recorded as Bulgarians.

** Devol - a town in East Albania close to Ochrid

From the "Life of St. John of Rila [Sveti Ivan Rilski]" (end of the XIVth century), written in the library of the "St. Clement [Sveti Kliment]" church in Ohrid.

"Pray to the merciful God to save your compatriots - your congenial Bulgarian people."

15th c The Serbian writer Mihail of Ostrovitsa reports in his chronicle that Dusan's successor, Uros Ludi, ordered the two brothers Vulkasin and Ugljes to rule over the Bulgarian lands

He allowed the two brothers1 to govern the Bulgarian Kingdom ... When was only four miles away from Drenopole,2 the two brothers, who had oc-»ied the Bulgarian land, rose up against their lord.


Йордан Иванов, Българите в Македония (Yordan Ivanov, The Bulgarians in Macedonia), p. 157; the original is in Serbian

1 Vulkasin ruled western Macedonia, and Ugljes — south-eastern Macedonia, and for this reason the source states that they ruled Bulgarian lands.
2 Adrianople.


1474 Information from Dubrovnik about the Bulgarian monastery of St Yakun Osogovsky or Sarandoporsky, near Kriva Palanka (Northern Macedonia)


The Dubrovhik Council decided to give 20 perperi (gold coins) 'as alms to Bulgarian monastery of "St. Yakim".


Йордан Иванов, Българите в Македония (Yordan Ivanov, The Bulgarians in Macedonia), Sofia, 1917, p. 165; the original is in Latin
 

c. 1500 - The Serbian historian Mihail of Ostrovitsa in his chronicle reports that Dushan's son and successor, Stephan Urosh V, gave the two brothers, the Serbian feudal lords Vukashin and Uglesha, to rule over the Bulgarian lands.*

"He allowed the two brothers to govern the Bulgarian Kingdom... When he was only four miles away from Drenopole, the two brothers, who had occupied the Bulgarian land, rose up against their master."

The original is in Serbian.

* to see the extent of Vukashin and Uglesha's lands click here.

1586 Representatives of the Osogovo Monastery at Kriva Palanka, of the Monastery of the Annunciation at Kyustendil and of the Bilina Monastery at Trun appear in Moscow to ask Tsar Feodor Ivanovich for aid
 
 
 
/The Russian Tsar was informed/ 'of the arrival from the Bulgarian land of Vissarion of Kolossia, from the Monastery of the Annunciation, of the anchorite Yoakim and the abbot Gervasii, from the monastery in the great mountain of Osogovitsa, and of the priest Stefan, from the Monastery of the Archangel near Bilina.'
 
 
 Сношения Росени с Востоком по делам церковньiм (Russia's Relations with the East on Church Matters), St Petersburg, 1858, vol. I, 182; Йордан Иванов, Българите в Македония (Yordan Ivanov, The Bulgarians in Macedonia), Sofia, 1917, pp. 168-169; the original is in Russian

1591 - Information by the Venetian ambassador Lorenzo Bernardo about the Bulgarian character of the localities in Macedonia.

"They say that Struga is a town but as a matter of fact it is rather a village; it is the first locality in succession in Bulgaria. A river flows across Struga which runs out of the lake of Ochrida; here, they say, is also the spring of the river of the town of Lesius [Drim river]. Practically the whole plain of Struga is cultivated, tiled and very fertile; a little further away, at the beginning of the plain of Struga, one passes through a bridgewhich is on the border between Bulgaria and Albania. The Bulgarians speak Slav and observe the Greek [Eastern Orthodox] rite."

"On May 23, proceeding further on a good road, they reached Bitola at 7 o'clock. Bitola is a Bulgarian town, densely populated, as they say, 1,500 houses, including 200 Jewish."

"On May 27, descending the hill abounding in water and wells, they followed the foot of the mountain situated opposite the hill and came down in a wide plain which the Turkscall Vardar Ova and the Bulgarians - Slanitsa."

"They passed through a wooden bridge, 300 steps long, leading across the Vasrdar River which further on flows through Skopje...This bridge is the boundary between Bulgaria and Thessaly. Near the bridge there is a house from which a Bulgarian maid came with a loaf baked under hot ashes."

Jordan Ivanov, The Bulgarians in Macedonia, pp. 169-170; the original is in Italian.

17th c Information about the population of Skopje and its environs by a Russian who was a Turkish prisoner-of-war


... And the inhabitants of Skopje are Turks, and there are also many in­habitants who are Christians ... and on three sides around the settlement of Skopje all the inhabitants are Bulgarians.
 

Описание турецкой империи, составленное русским, бьiвшим в плену у турок в XVII веке, под редакцией П. А. Смрку (Description of the Turkish Empire by a Russian Prisoner of War with the Turks during the 17-th century, edited by P.A. Syrku),
S. Petersburg, 1890, p. 38. Cf. Йордан Иванов, Бълга­рите в Македония (Yordan Ivanov, The Bulgarians in Macedonia), Sofia, 1917, p. 182; the original is in Russian


 17th c.  Information from the Turkish traveller Hadji Kalfa1 about the Bulgarian population of certain towns in Macedonia

Bitola, between Lerin, Prilep, Prespa and Ohrid. It takes 15 days to travel ere from Constantinople, via Thessalonica, Vardar and   Voden. The in­habitants are Bulgarians, Sultan Murad the Conqueror in 784 (1382-1383) sent Timurtash Pasha, who took the town by the sword ...

Hrupishta, on the shore of the Lake Kostour, 2 hours away from Kostour. Kostour, Biglishta, Naselitsa are situated nearby. The inhabitants are Bulgarians.

Ohrid, south-west of Skopje, 16 days' journey from Constantinople, on the eastern side of a lake. The boundaries are: Prespa, Starovo, Kichevo. The inhabitants are Bulgarians; there are gold and silver mines here.
 
Geographical description of Roumelia and Bosnia by Mustafa ben Abdulah Hadji Kalfa. From the German edition by Joseph von Hammer translated and an­notated by Stoyan Argirov, Archives of Investigations of Settlements, I, Sofia, 1938, vol. 3, pp. 60, 61, 84; the original is in Turkish

 
1 Author of many works, including a general geography

 
Information about the Bulgarian population in settlements in Macedonia, contained in the travel notes of Evliya Chelebi1
 

 
 

17th c.


 

In Skopje there is an Armenian, a Bulgarian and a Serbian church and a Jewish synagogue. The French, Hungarians and Germans have nothing. The Latins are quite numerous and attend the Serbian church.

From here /Kratovo/, having set out towards the east, we passed through the Bulgarian village of Nagorichani and took horses from the village of Murad, which has six hundred houses, extracts iron ore and is a Bulgarian village.

... We set out from here /town of Dupnitsa/ eastward and after having walked for a day we reached the village of Durgan. It is a Bulgarian village and has 200 houses.

... Starting from here /the town of Doupnitsa/ in an easterly direction and having walked one day, we reached the village of Dourgan. This is a Bulgarian village consisting of 200 houses.

After having walked an hour and a half northward, we reached the village of Izvor, situated by a river and at the foot of a mountain. This Bulgarian village has one hundred and fifty houses and is a spahi one. From here we proceeded southwards along one bank for six hours and reached the fortress of Prilep, which is in a wooded locality.

In general here /Prilep/ the Bulgarian language is spoken, because all Christians are Serbians and Bulgarians.

All the urban /about Pirot/ rayah are Bulgarian.



А. Шопов, Евлия Челеби, Периодическо списание на българското книжовно дружество в София (А. Shopov, Evliya Chelebi, Periodical of the Bulgarian Scholarly Society in Sofia), ХП, Sofia, 1902, pp. 175, 179, 182, 184, 185, 192; the original is in Turkish


 
1 A Turkish traveller and geographer (1611-1682), famous for his extensive travel notes, 'Geyahatname,' giving a full description of the countries and regions he traversed, mainly the lands in the Balkan Peninsula


 
Information from the Turkish historian Hodja Saadeddin1 in his chronicle Crown of Histories about the Bulgarian character of North Macedonia at the time of Constantine Deyan2
 

 
 

17th c.
 

 
Indeed, the Kyustendil ruler, known by the name of Constantine and famous for possessing extensive lands and spahis (warriors - editor's note), was the supreme ruler in the Bulgarian region and was in possession of the lands in which the Tala and Nakra mines were situated ...
 

Йордан Иванов, Българите в Македония (Yordan Ivanov, The Bulgarians in Macedonia), Sofia, 1917, p. 162; the original is in Turkish


1 The author of travel notes
2 Constantine Deyan, ruler of the Velbuzhd principality in south-western Bulgaria, who became a Turkish vassal and died in 1394 in the war against the Wallachian chieftain Mircca.


 
Information in the manuscript General and Turkish History, written by Ramazan-Zaade, concerning the conquest of Northern Macedonia and of the Kratovo mines by the Turks


 

1638
 

 
After the remaining towns and places had also been conquered, the Kyustendil ruler, /Constantine Deyan - Ed./ who possessed the Bulgarian land with the gold and silver mines ... /was subjugated - Ed./
 

Йордан Иванов, Българите в Македония (Yordan Ivanov, The Bulgarians in Macedonia), Sofia, 1917, p. 162; the original is in Turkish
 


 
Information from the Catholic Bulgarian Bishop Peter Bogdan about the boundaries of the Bulgarian land

 
1640
 

 
Bulgaria and her boundaries. Today all that land once named First Moesia Superior, part of Moesia Inferior, all Thrace, with the exception of the Gallipoli littoral, where the Greek language is spoken, the greater part of Macedonia, all Morava, as far as Ohrid, up to the boundaries of Albania and Greece, and from Serbia eastwards to the Black Sea is called Bulgaria. In the north the Danube separates it from Wallachia and Moldavia, in olden times called Ancient Dacia, Transdanubian Dacia, etc.
 

E. Fermendzin, Acta Bulgariae ecclesiastica ab A. 1565 usque ad 1799. Zagrabiae 1887, p. 69. Йордан Иванов, Българите в Македония (Yordan Ivanov, The Bulgarians in Macedonia), Sofia, 1917, pp. 173 174; the original is in Italian
 


 
Information about the town of Skopje to a Catholic document
 
1653
 

 
... in the town of Skopje, a Bulgarian town, Monsignor Don Andrea is Bishop.
 

Н. И. Милев, Католишката пропаганда в Бълга­рия през XVII век (N. I. Milev, Catholic Propaganda in Bulgaria during the 17th c.), Sofia, 1914, p. 152; the original is in Latin


 
Evidence from the Catholic Archbishop Peter Bogdan about the Bulgarian character of Ohrid and Skopje
 

 
 

1655, 1667


 

/1655/ Ohrid, a Bulgarian town, described by Peter, the Archbishop of Sofia. The town of Achrida is called in Slav Okhrida or Ohrid, situated on the lake, called Lichnida or in Slavonic - Blato Ohridsko. It was built by Emperor Justinian, who called it Justiniana Prima and his motherland. In our time it falls within the Kingdom of Bulgaria and is its main town: today, too, all those who live inside the town /fortress/ are Bulgarians.

/1667/   Some   authors  place  the  Skopje  Archbishopric   among 1 Bulgarians because under the administration of this Archbishopric among the Bulgarians there are perhaps some Catholics; other Catholics, however, over whom the Archbishopric also rules, are in Serbia.

 

Йордан Иванов, Българите в Македония (Yordan Ivanov, The Bulgarians in Macedonia), Sofia, 1917,  pp. 174-175; the original is in Italian.
 


1704  Information from the Serbian writer Jerotej Racanin1 about the town of Veles
 

 
And again on the 14th day we came to Veles, a Bulgarian town, but the Turks call it Kupriiliya ...
 

Йордан Иванов, Българите в Македония; (Yordan Ivanov, The Bulgarians in Macedonia), p. 182; the original is in Serbian


 
1 A monk, copyist of Serbian Orthodox church books and author of travel notes


 
 1725  Information from die Russian traveller V. G. Barski concerning Bulgarians in Thessalonica
 

 
In Thessalonica I spent precisely one day and could not see anything. My stay there was fortunate, because I found familiar people, moreover Bulgarians, and they gave me food and helped me prepare for the journey.

 
В. Григорович — Барский, Странствования по святьiм местам Востока с 1723 по 1747 г. Изда­ние Правосл. Палестинским Обществом. (V. Grigorovich Barsky, Travels in the Holy Places of the East from 1723 to 1747. Published by the Orthodox Palestine Society St. Petersburg,1885-1887.Vol.I, p.218. Йордан Иванов, Българите в Македония (Yordan Ivanov, The Bulgarians in Macedonia), Sofia, 1917, p. 185; the original is in Russian


1758  In a roll of the Yazak Nunnery (Fruska Gora) it is stated that Kratovo is in Bulgaria


Anna, nun, born in Kratovo, Bulgaria, 81 years since her birth ... Came here to the nunnery in 1744.

 
D. Ruvarac, Opis srpskih Frusko gorskih manastira od 1753, (D. Ruvarac, A. Roll of the Serbian Fruska Gora Monastery of 1753) Sr. Karlovtsi, 1905, pp. 88-89. Йордан Иванов, Български старини из Македония, (Yordan Ivanov, Bulgarian Antiquities in Macedonia) 2nd edition, Sofia, 1931, p. 156; the original is in Serbian


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